Biologists create educational game on protein degradation
Scientists from the International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology in Warsaw have created an innovative computer game, DEGRADATOR, to help players understand the crucial processes of protein degradation in cells.
In the game, players control the processes of eliminating abnormal proteins, which is crucial for the proper functioning of any organism – including humans. The game serves as an educational tool, making complex biological concepts accessible and engaging for users.
Introducing DEGRADATOR
DEGRADATOR is a 2D computer game that teaches players about how cells break down and remove unwanted proteins, focusing on a pathway called the ubiquitin-proteasome system. In the game, players act as a special enzyme called an E3 ubiquitin ligase, tagging bad proteins so they can be destroyed. The game also explains how new drugs called PROTACs help this process. DEGRADATOR makes these complex ideas fun and easy to understand. It also aims to increase public understanding of advanced therapeutic approaches and combat misinformation. It is available for free online and is suitable for anyone aged 12 and up.
Inspiration behind the game
Natalia Szulc, a PhD student and keen video game player, wanted to combine her two passions: science and gaming. Additionally, she wanted more people to understand what she was talking about when describing her PhD research. By creating a video game, she found a fun and effective way to bridge the gap between complex scientific concepts and public understanding.
Why is protein degradation so important?
Protein degradation is crucial for maintaining cellular balance (homeostasis) by removing damaged, misfolded or excess proteins, ensuring proper cellular function. It regulates various cellular processes such as the cell cycle, signal transduction, and DNA repair.
Proper protein degradation prevents the accumulation of harmful proteins that can lead to diseases such as cancer, Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease. Understanding this process is essential for developing targeted therapies, like PROTAC drugs, for various diseases.
The ubiquitin-proteasome system
The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) maintains cellular protein balance by selectively degrading unwanted or damaged proteins. This process begins with ubiquitination, in which the enzymes E1, E2 and E3 tag the target proteins with ubiquitin molecules.
Once the proteins are tagged with ubiquitin, they are recognized by the proteasome, a large protein complex that breaks them down into short amino acid chains. These amino acids are then reused to make new proteins. By controlling protein levels and removing defective proteins, UPS keeps cells functioning properly and prevents the buildup of harmful proteins.
The role of PROTAC drugs in the game
PROTAC (PROteolysis TArgeting Chimeras) drugs are compounds designed to induce degradation of specific proteins by the ubiquitin-proteasome system. In DEGRADATOR, PROTACs are illustrated as power-ups that enable the E3 ubiquitin ligase (player) to recognize and bind target proteins that it would not normally identify. By facilitating this binding, PROTACs assist in the ubiquitination of target proteins, leading to their degradation by the proteasome. This mechanism demonstrates the potential of PROTAC drugs in targeting disease-causing proteins for degradation, offering a novel therapeutic approach.
Educational and entertaining
DEGRADATOR blends education and entertainment, combining immersive gameplay with molecular biology lessons. Players take on the role of an E3 ubiquitin ligase, learning about the ubiquitin-proteasome system through interactive ubiquitination and protein degradation tasks.
The game includes knowledge consolidation quizzes and the Great Encyclopedia of Protein Degradation with detailed information. In addition, DEGRADATOR offers various downloadable materials, such as class scenarios for teachers and an educational comic, further enriching the learning experience and supporting different learning needs.
Addressing misinformation and promoting science
DEGRADATOR aims to combat misinformation by providing accurate and understandable scientific knowledge. The game demystifies advanced medical therapies through interactive gameplay and educational resources, ensuring players gain a clear understanding of how these therapies work. This approach promotes scientific literacy and critical thinking, equipping players to discern accurate information from misconceptions.
DEGRADATOR encourages curiosity and interest in science across all age groups. By making molecular biology concepts engaging and accessible, the game promotes lifelong learning and scientific skills in both formal and informal educational settings.
Supported by comprehensive educational resources, the game aims to popularize science and foster a deeper understanding of the vital processes within cells.
Story by Pokrzywa Lab at the IIMCB.
Responsible researcher is Natalia Szulc, M.Sc.